Search for any reason codes for Visa, Mastercard, American Express or Discover and instantly understand the dispute category.
In short, this is a dedicated reason codes tool that lets you quickly look up Visa, Mastercard, American Express and Discover codes. Instead of guessing the meaning behind a chargeback, you can instantly see the official definition, understand why the dispute occurred and access clear guidance on how to handle it.
Reason codes are standardized numeric or alphanumeric identifiers assigned by card networks such as Visa, Mastercard, American Express and Discover to explain why a transaction is being disputed or charged back. Each reason code corresponds to a specific category such as fraud, authorization issues, processing errors or consumer disputes so businesses can quickly understand the cause of the chargeback.
Understanding reason codes is essential for merchants, payment processors and financial institutions because it helps identify dispute patterns, prevent future chargebacks and improve overall payment compliance. By analyzing reason codes, businesses can take proactive steps to reduce losses, strengthen fraud prevention and enhance the customer experience.
Why Reason Codes are important
Reason codes play a critical role in chargeback management because they reveal the exact cause of a dispute. Without knowing the assigned reason code, businesses cannot effectively respond to chargebacks or prevent them in the future.
Understanding reason codes allows merchants to resolve disputes faster by submitting the correct documentation, prevent recurring issues by addressing weaknesses in their payment process and strengthen fraud protection by recognizing fraud-related patterns. This insight helps businesses lower chargeback losses, maintain strong relationships with payment providers and safeguard revenue.
Visa uses numeric reason codes under its Visa Claims Resolution framework, divided into fraud, authorization, processing errors and consumer disputes. This system helps merchants identify disputes and respond with the right evidence.
10.1
Visa Chargeback Reason Code 10.1: EMV Liability Shift Counterfeit Fraud
Visa Chargeback Reason Code 10.1 applies when a card-present purchase is later disputed as unauthorised, and the card used turns out to be counterfeit. If the payment was processed using a non-EMV terminal, liability shifts from the issuer to the merchant, who will be required to pay the refund. Knowing what Reason Code 10.1 means, how to respond, and how to prevent repeat cases helps you to protect revenue.
10.2
Visa Chargeback Reason Code 10.2: EMV Liability Shift Non-Counterfeit Fraud
Visa Chargeback Reason Code 10.2 covers card-present transactions where the cardholder says they never authorised the purchase. Because the payment did not comply with Visa’s EMV rules, liability shifts from the issuer to the merchant. Knowing how the code works helps retailers protect revenue, resolve disputes on time, and stop repeat fraud cases.
10.3
Visa Chargeback Reason Code 10.3: Other Fraud: Card-Present Environment/Condition
Visa Chargeback Reason Code 10.3 is raised when a card-present purchase is later disputed as unauthorised. It usually involves key-entered sales or self-service terminals where the card was not read by chip or stripe. Merchants need clear evidence; otherwise, they may lose the funds and fees associated with the sale.
10.4
Visa Chargeback Reason Code 10.4: Other Fraud: Card-Absent Environment
Visa Reason Code 10.4 covers card-absent payments (web, phone, or mail orders) when the cardholder later says they never approved the charge. The code sits in the fraud category and is triggered if the issuer cannot use another fraud rule to dispute the sale. Merchants need clear processes to protect revenue and keep friendly and criminal fraud at bay.
10.5
Visa Chargeback Reason Code 10.5: Visa Fraud Monitoring Program
Visa reason code 10.5 indicates the Visa Fraud Monitoring Program has flagged a transaction because the merchant’s fraud ratio is too high. The transaction is automatically reversed. Merchants caught in the VFMP face chargebacks, fines and potential loss of processing rights, so prompt action is needed to protect revenue.
11.1
Visa Chargeback Reason Code 11.1: Card Recovery Bulletin
Visa reason code 11.1 flags a payment that used a card appearing on the Card Recovery Bulletin. In plain terms, the merchant skipped or overrode authorisation, accepted a blocked card, and now faces a dispute. Knowing what this code means, why it happens, and how to act quickly can protect revenue and customer confidence.
11.2
Visa Chargeback Reason Code 11.2: Declined Authorisation
When a merchant submits a payment after Visa’s system has already replied “Decline” or “Pick Up Card,” the issuer can reclaim the funds under Reason Code 11.2. The dispute focuses on authorisation-related errors and is difficult to win unless the issuer made a mistake. Knowing the rules, acting quickly, and using prevention tools help protect your revenue.
11.3
Visa Chargeback Reason Code 11.3: No Authorisation
Visa Reason Code 11.3 flags transactions that reach clearing without a valid authorisation approval. The dispute often arises after an issuer or a cardholder questions the payment. As the authorisation process protects revenue for all parties, skipping it can trigger costly chargebacks and fees.
12.1
Visa Chargeback Reason Code 12.1: Late Presentment
Visa Reason Code 12.1 flags a payment that reached the issuer too late to be settled. When presentment falls outside Visa’s time limits, the issuer can reverse the sale. This leaves merchants without payment and at higher risk of future revenue loss. Knowing why these disputes happen and acting fast will help protect revenue.
12.2
Visa Chargeback Reason Code 12.2: Incorrect Transaction Code
Visa Reason Code 12.2 applies when a transaction was sent to VisaNet with the wrong transaction code. In plain terms, the merchant told the network it was doing one kind of transfer (debit, credit, reversal or adjustment) but processed another. The mistake sits in the “Processing Errors” category and is usually a preventable merchant slip-up.
12.3
Visa Chargeback Reason Code 12.3: Incorrect Currency
Visa Reason Code 12.3 flags processing errors when the currency stated in a transaction does not match the currency that was actually routed through Visa or was applied without the cardholder’s clear consent. The dispute sits in the “Processing Errors” category and is usually triggered by merchant mistakes or customer confusion.
12.4
Visa Chargeback Reason Code 12.4: Incorrect Account Number
A Visa Reason Code 12.4 chargeback signals that a payment was posted to the wrong account. Most modern terminals reject incorrect credentials automatically. However, key-entry mistakes, faulty adjustments, or disabled safeguards can slip through. This sends the transaction to an account that the issuer cannot recognise. When that happens, the dispute lands in the 12.4 “Incorrect Account Number” category.
12.5
Visa Chargeback Reason Code 12.5: Incorrect Amount
Visa Reason Code 12.5 is raised when a cardholder tells their bank that the amount charged to their card was wrong. It usually involves calculation errors, mistyped figures or post-payment changes that weren't approved. To reduce 12.5 chargebacks, keep transaction data accurate and present clear totals to shoppers.
12.6
Visa Chargeback Reason Code 12.6: Duplicate Processing
When the same sale is processed two or more times, Visa applies Reason Code 12.6. Cardholders see extra debits and complain to their bank. Issuers raise a chargeback and debit the merchant. Duplicate processing usually stems from simple mistakes, yet it can harm cash flow and customer trust if left unchecked.
12.7
Visa Chargeback Reason Code 12.7: Invalid Data
Visa Reason Code 12.7 signals that a transaction contained invalid or mismatched data at the authorisation or clearing stage. Most incidents trace back to merchant processing errors. Hardware faults or configuration changes can also trigger the code. Learning what it means, how to respond, and how to prevent repeat occurrences helps protect revenue and customer trust.
13.1
Visa Chargeback Reason Code 13.1: Merchandise/Services Not Received
Visa Reason Code 13.1 applies when a cardholder pays for goods or services but claims they never arrived or were not made available as agreed. The code covers in-store, remote, and digital purchases, and it sits within the consumer dispute category. Knowing what triggers it, how to answer it, and how to stop it protects revenue and keeps customers satisfied.
13.2
Visa Chargeback Reason Code 13.2: Cancelled Recurring
Visa Reason Code 13.2 covers disputes tied to cancelled recurring transactions. It applies when a cardholder says a subscription or instalment was billed after permission was withdrawn. The code often arises from late cancellations, forgotten policies or friendly fraud. Understanding the causes, timelines, and remedies helps merchants protect revenue.
13.3
Visa Chargeback Reason Code 13.3: Not as Described or Defective Merchandise/Services
When a cardholder insists that a product or service does not match its description, is damaged, or is of poor quality, Visa assigns Reason Code 13.3. The dispute focuses on accuracy and condition. Merchants must grasp what it means, the causes, how to respond or fight, and, most importantly, how to prevent these claims.
13.4
Visa Chargeback Reason Code 13.4: Counterfeit Merchandise
Visa Reason Code 13.4 means the cardholder, or an expert acting on their behalf, believes the goods they received are counterfeit. These claims can trigger financial loss, penalties, and lasting damage to a brand’s reputation. Understanding the reasons behind 13.4 and the best way to respond to a claim helps merchants avoid these issues.
13.5
Visa Chargeback Reason Code 13.5: Misrepresentation
Visa Reason Code 13.5 arises when a cardholder claims a merchant misrepresented key information about a purchase. Their position is that the goods or services promised did not match what was delivered. The issuer therefore reverses the sale. Clear descriptions and honest marketing help stop these chargebacks and protect revenue.
13.6
Visa Chargeback Reason Code 13.6: Credit Not Processed
Reason Code 13.6 is used by Visa for cases where a consumer was due to receive a refund or a voided transaction, but this did not take place. It is usually raised by issuers when cardholders report that a promised refund never hit their account. The main causes are processing delays, clerical errors or friendly fraud. Understanding the implications and taking action quickly is the best way to protect revenue.
13.7
Visa Chargeback Reason Code 13.7: Cancelled Merchandise/Services
Reason Code 13.7 is one of the codes within Visa's "Consumer Disputes" group. It applies in situations where a cardholder claims they cancelled a service or returned goods, but did not receive a credit. These types of disputes are most often due to policy misunderstandings or late processing. Understanding the causes and the process for responding helps merchants protect their payment processor.
13.8
Visa Chargeback Reason Code 13.8: Original Credit Transaction Not Accepted
Reason Code 13.8 is grouped under "Consumer Disputes". It happens if an Original Credit Transaction (OCT) sent to a cardholder or vendor is refused. As a result, the issuer reverses the payment and pushes the funds back to the merchant. They can then file a 13.8 chargeback. Importantly, this still counts towards the merchant's dispute ratio and incurs fees.
13.9
Visa Chargeback Reason Code 13.9: Non-Receipt of Cash or Load Transaction Value
Visa Reason Code 13.9 occurs when a cardholder withdraws cash from an ATM or loads a prepaid card at a kiosk or in-store. They then claim they didn't receive all the money they requested. This may be a shortfall in dispensed cash or a missing or insufficient load balance.
14.1
Visa Chargeback Reason Code 14.1: Fraudulent Multiple Transactions
Visa Reason Code 14.1 relates to multiple transactions on the same card, which the cardholder claims were unauthorised. The claim may be that no payment was authorised, or that an initial payment was authorised, but subsequent payments made on the same card were not. It can be caused by errors in processing payments or subscriptions, as well as friendly fraud or criminal fraud.
Mastercard reason codes follow a four-digit numeric format, for example 4810. These codes cover fraud, authorization issues, cardholder disputes and processing errors, giving merchants precise insight into the cause of each chargeback.
4801
Mastercard Chargeback Reason Code 4801: Requested Transaction Data Not Received
Mastercard Reason Code 4801 applies when an issuer asks for supporting transaction data and the merchant or acquirer does not supply it within the set time limit. With no documents to review, the issuer debits the merchant and credits the cardholder. The dispute is easily avoidable as it is about missing information, not product quality or fraud.
4802
Mastercard Chargeback Reason Code 4802: Requested/Required Information Illegible or Missing
Mastercard reason code 4802 appears when the issuer asks for proof of a sale, and the copy you provide is unreadable or missing key details. It is a “temporary” chargeback: supply a clear, complete document on time, and the dispute usually disappears. Failure to do so results in lost revenue.
4808
Understanding Mastercard Chargeback Reason Code 4808: Authorisation
Reason code 4808 covers situations where a transaction was processed without a valid Mastercard authorisation approval. When this happens, the issuer may reverse the sale and debit the merchant. Knowing the causes, deadlines, and remedies helps merchants protect revenue and minimise disputes.
4812
Mastercard Chargeback Reason Code 4812: Account Number Not On File
Mastercard Reason Code 4812 (now merged into Mastercard Reason Code 4808) covers cases where the card number used in the transaction doesn't exist (is not a valid card number) or has expired. The issuer therefore refuses to accept liability for the transaction and pulls back the funds.
4831
Understanding Mastercard Chargeback Reason Code 4831: Transaction Amount Differs
Reason Code 4831 occurs when a cardholder sees a different transaction amount on their statement from what they expected. There are numerous root causes, but the outcome is the same: they feel they have been incorrectly charged and raise a dispute. Although this code is now merged into 4834, issuers may still use 4831 on some disputes.
4834
Mastercard Chargeback Reason Code 4834: Point of Interaction Error
Mastercard reason code 4834 appears when something went wrong at the moment a payment was taken. It covers duplicate debits, wrong amounts, late presentment and other processing mix-ups. Cardholders dispute the transaction, and issuers pass the claim to the acquirer. The merchant must then either justify or reverse the charge. Knowing why 4834 arises—and acting fast helps merchants protect revenue.
4835
Mastercard Chargeback Reason Code 4835: Cardholder Not Authorised/Transaction Not Authorised
Please note that code 4835 has been merged into 4808. However, the advice remains valid for "Cardholder Not Authorised/Transaction Not Authorised" claims.
This code is used when a payment reaches settlement even though neither the cardholder nor the issuer granted proper authorisation. The issuer later detects the lapse and recalls the funds, resulting in lost revenue for the merchant.
4837
Mastercard Chargeback Reason Code 4837: No Cardholder Authorisation
Reason Code 4837 arises if a cardholder claims that they did not agree to a purchase made on their card. This “No Cardholder Authorisation” dispute sits in the fraud family. It can stem from true criminal activity, simple confusion, or gaps in a merchant’s checkout flow. Knowing what it means and why it happens can reduce future occurrences.
4841
Mastercard Chargeback Reason Code 4841: Cancelled Recurring or Digital Goods Transaction
Mastercard reason code 4841 is raised when a cardholder disputes a charge linked to an ongoing subscription or a low-value digital purchase. The claim is that the payment should not have been taken, often because the buyer says they cancelled in time or never agreed to the charge. Though now retired and rolled into code 4853, issuers may still cite 4841 while their systems update.
4842
Mastercard Chargeback Reason Code 4842: Late Presentment
Reason Code 4842 appears when a merchant submits a transaction to the issuer after the network’s allowed timeframe. Even if the payment was authorised at the point of sale, late presentment exposes every party to extra risk. Merchants who process payments days or weeks later risk losing the sale and the goods, and may also incur additional fees.
4846
Understanding Mastercard Chargeback Reason Code 4846: Correct Transaction Currency Code Not Provided
Cardholders raise Mastercard reason code 4846 when they believe a payment was converted into another currency without consent. The dispute often appears in cross-border sales and dynamic currency conversion. Mastercard has merged this dispute type into Code 4834, but disputes sometimes appear under the old code.
4847
Mastercard Chargeback Reason Code 4847: Requested/Required Authorisation Not Obtained
Reason code 4847 signals that a transaction went through without the issuer’s formal approval. Mastercard believes the merchant failed to obtain the authorisation response that is required for most purchases. Below, we explain what it means, why it happens, and how businesses can protect revenue by fighting or preventing these disputes.
4849
Mastercard Chargeback Reason Code 4849: Questionable Merchant Activity
Mastercard’s code 4849 flags transactions that arise from “Questionable Merchant Activity.” In plain terms, the network believes the seller – not the shopper – may have acted improperly. For merchants, knowing what this code means is key to avoiding chargebacks.
4850
Mastercard Chargeback Reason Code 4850: Instalment Billing Dispute
Mastercard Reason Code 4850 relates to arguments about how, when, or why instalment payments were taken. The code appears when a cardholder tells the issuing bank that an instalment has been charged incorrectly. Correct documentation, clear contracts, and timely communication help merchants avoid or successfully contest this dispute.
4853
Mastercard Chargeback Reason Code 4853: Cardholder Dispute
Reason Code 4853 is Mastercard’s broad “Cardholder Dispute” category. It covers claims that the cardholder should not have to pay because the goods, services, or billing terms were unacceptable. Merchants must identify the exact trigger to reply effectively and protect revenue.
4854
Mastercard Chargeback Reason Code 4854: Cardholder Dispute - Not Elsewhere Classified (NEC)
Reason code 4854 is the Mastercard “catch-all” for cardholder disputes in the United States when no other description fits. It flags a breakdown between buyer and seller after the buyer tried, and failed, to settle the problem directly with the merchant. Handling it well stops needless losses.
4855
Mastercard Chargeback Reason Code 4855: Goods or Services Not Provided
Reason Code 4855 is used for disputes where a cardholder complains that they paid for goods or services, but did not receive them. It applies to both card-present and card-not-present transactions, as well as in-store and online purchases. This code has now been merged into Reason Code 4853, but the old code may still sometimes appear.
4857
Mastercard Chargeback Reason Code 4857: Card Activated Telephone Transaction
Reason Code 4857 covers payments approved via a telephone activation. It is raised when the cardholder complains to the issuer that they didn't authorise the transaction, or that it was incorrect. These chargebacks have since been merged under Reason Code 4843; however, you may still see the old code in filed or historic claims, or due to an error.
4859
Mastercard Chargeback Reason Code 4859: Addendum, No-show, or ATM Disputes
Mastercard Reason Code 4859 covers two scenarios: ATM payout errors and unexpected additional fees for addendums or no-shows. Causes range from merchant error to hardware or software faults and friendly or actual fraud. While this code has now been merged under reason code 4853, it may appear on some chargeback notices.
4860
Mastercard Chargeback Reason Code 4860: Credit Not Processed
Reason code 4860 applies when a cardholder says an agreed-upon refund never appeared on their account. The claim may be valid, the result of impatience, or friendly fraud. Although Mastercard now files these cases under 4853, acquirers may still pass the legacy code to merchants, so clear action is required.
4870
Mastercard Chargeback Reason Code 4870: EMV Chip Liability Shift
Mastercard reason code 4870 flags card-present transactions where an EMV-chip card was swiped instead of read by a chip-ready terminal. Because the right technology was not used, the liability for counterfeit fraud moves from the issuer to the merchant. This type of dispute can drain profit and harm trust.
4871
Mastercard Chargeback Reason Code 4871: Chip Liability Shift–Lost/Stolen/Non-Received Issue
Reason code 4871 applies when a fraudster uses a lost, stolen or never-received EMV card and the merchant’s point-of-sale terminal does not complete the chip and PIN process. Because the terminal failed to use chip technology, liability “shifts” from the issuer to the merchant, and the transaction is disputed as unauthorised.
4999
Mastercard Chargeback Reason Code 4999: Domestic Chargeback Dispute (Europe Region Only)
Reason Code 4999 is a catch-all code for disputed transactions within Europe only. This chargeback tells banks that something went wrong at the point where card, customer and terminal met. It usually means a refund was meant to go back to the card, but a debit was taken instead. Getting on top of this error early keeps customers happy and protects revenue.
American Express uses alphanumeric codes, often starting with a letter followed by numbers, like C08. Each code highlights fraud, authorization, processing errors or customer dissatisfaction, guiding merchants on the proper response.
A01
American Express Chargeback Reason Code A01: Charge Amount Exceeds Authorisation Amount
American Express Reason Code A01 applies when a merchant charges more than the amount that was authorised. The cardholder may have approved the transaction, but the final amount exceeded that approval. It sits in the authorisation category. Clear processes, accurate authorisations, and fast evidence can reduce exposure.
A02
American Express Chargeback Reason Code A02: No Valid Authorisation
American Express Reason Code A02 means a transaction was processed without valid authorisation. It may be due to a decline being ignored, an expired card, or a mismatch between the authorisation and the submitted charge. Understanding the causes, the time limit, and how to respond or fight the claim helps merchants protect revenue.
A08
American Express Chargeback Reason Code A08: Authorisation Approval Expired
American Express Reason Code A08 signals that a transaction was settled after the authorisation window expired. It usually stems from processing delays, batching issues, or friendly fraud. Merchants have a tight time limit to respond. Acting fast, keeping clear records, and tightening processes help to reduce repeat disputes.
C02
American Express Chargeback Reason Code C02: Credit (or Partial Credit) Not Processed
When a shopper expects a refund but the money never shows up, American Express may raise Reason Code C02. It covers full or partial credits that were promised, implied, or required under a policy yet were not applied. Understanding why CO2 occurs and how to address it helps merchants protect revenue and keep customers loyal.
C04
American Express Chargeback Reason Code C04: Goods/Services Returned or Refused
When a cardholder sends goods back, declines a delivery, or cancels a service, they normally expect a prompt credit. American Express Chargeback Reason Code C04 appears when the credit never shows up. The code signals a dispute about a refund, but it does not always mean the merchant is at fault.
C05
American Express Chargeback Reason Code C05: Goods/Services Cancelled
Reason code C05 occurs when a customer cancels an order, but claims that they never received a refund. It applies to cancellations of either goods or services. To protect revenue, merchants need to grasp what it means, why it happens, and the conditions under which it can be reversed.
C08
American Express Chargeback Reason Code C08: Goods/Services Not Received
Reason Code C08 disputes arise when a cardholder claims goods or services were not received (or only partly received). It often arises in e‑commerce, service bookings, and digital fulfilment. If merchants are able to prove that the goods or services were delivered, they can have the claim overturned, but they must act quickly. Prevention relies on strong fulfilment, communication, and record‑keeping.
C14
American Express Chargeback Reason Code C14: Paid By Other Means
American Express Reason Code C14 means the cardholder says the transaction was paid in a different way, yet their Amex card was charged as well. It often involves card-on-file errors, duplicate billing, or third-party payments. This page explains what it means, causes, the time limit to respond, and how to respond to or fight and prevent these disputes.
C18
American Express Chargeback Reason Code C18: “No Show” or CARDeposit Cancelled
American Express Reason Code C18 applies to lodging transactions when a guest cancels a reservation or is entitled to a refund, yet a charge appears or the credit is missing. It also covers disputed “no-show” fees applied outside the stated policy. It is specific to hotels and similar accommodation providers.
C28
American Express Chargeback Reason Code C28: Cancelled Recurring Billing
American Express Reason Code C28 applies when a cardholder cancels a recurring payment (or tries to cancel) but is charged again. It commonly affects subscription and membership services. The dispute may follow a failed cancellation, a delay in processing, or confusion around trial terms and renewals.
C31
American Express Chargeback Reason Code C31: Goods/Services Not as Described
Reason Code C31 arises when a cardholder claims the goods or services supplied differ from the description at purchase. What it means is a perceived mismatch between promise and delivery across online, in‑store, or phone sales. Strong records, quick replies, and practical remedies guide merchants in responding, fighting, and protecting their revenue.
C32
American Express Chargeback Reason Code C32: Goods/Services Damaged or Defective
Reason Code C32 applies when a cardholder claims goods or services arrived damaged, defective, or faulty. It often follows failed attempts to obtain a repair, replacement, or refund. Merchants have limited time to respond. Clear policies, quick customer support, and strong evidence help protect revenue and reduce disputes.
F10
American Express Chargeback Reason Code F10: Missing Imprint
Reason code F10 sits in the fraud category. It is raised if a cardholder claims they didn't authorise a card-present transaction. This usually happens when a merchant keyed in the card details, but didn't get an electronic or physical imprint. The merchant is therefore liable unless they can prove the card was present or show evidence that it was a legitimate transaction. Or, they can supply evidence that the transaction qualified under an exemption program.
F24
American Express Chargeback Reason Code F24: No Cardmember Authorisation
American Express Reason Code F24 signals that the cardholder says they did not authorise a specific transaction. It often stems from account takeover or other forms of actual fraud, but it can also arise from friendly fraud. Merchants can fight F24 disputes with timely, targeted evidence.
F29
American Express Chargeback Reason Code F29: Card Not Present
Reason Code F29 flags a card-not-present transaction that the cardholder says they did not authorise. It most often affects ecommerce, mail order, and telephone payments. This is a fraud category code, so repeated cases can damage your standing with American Express. Acting quickly and improving controls will help protect revenue.
F30
American Express Chargeback Reason Code F30: EMV Counterfeit
American Express Reason Code F30 flags a card-present transaction where the cardholder denies taking part and the activity appears to involve a counterfeit card. It focuses on chip‑card handling and EMV rules. Liability often sits with the merchant if chip safeguards were not used. Fast action and stronger controls help protect revenue.
F31
American Express Chargeback Reason Code F31: EMV Lost/Stolen/Non-Received
When American Express flags a transaction under Reason Code F31, it signals suspected fraud involving an EMV chip-and-PIN card that was lost, stolen, or never received. The code is applied when the purchase was not processed as a proper chip-and-PIN transaction. Liability often shifts to the merchant if EMV and PIN verification were bypassed.
FR2
American Express Chargeback Reason Code FR2: Fraud Full Recourse Program
American Express Reason Code FR2 applies when a cardholder disputes a transaction and the merchant is enrolled in the American Express Fraud Full Recourse Program. It means Amex can raise a chargeback without first sending a merchant inquiry. The merchant’s right to submit evidence is heavily restricted.
FR4
American Express Chargeback Reason Code FR4: Immediate Chargeback Program
Reason code FR4 signals an “immediate” chargeback because the merchant is in the American Express Immediate Chargeback Program (ICP). The dispute may stem from true fraud, first‑party misuse, or merchant error. Options to respond are limited. It's advisable to take whatever steps are necessary to reduce your fraud ratio in order to exit the program.
FR6
American Express Chargeback Reason Code FR6: Partial Immediate Chargeback Program
American Express Reason Code FR6 applies when a cardholder disputes a low-value transaction and the merchant is in the Partial Immediate Chargeback Program. Amex skips the normal merchant inquiry and issues a chargeback straight away. This guide explains what it means, common causes, the time limit, how to respond/fight, and how to prevent future cases.
M01
American Express Chargeback Reason Code M01: Chargeback Authorisation
American Express Reason Code M01 signals that the merchant has authorised a chargeback after an enquiry from American Express. It is a procedural code, not a judgment on the transaction’s validity. Responses are limited, but you may contest it if you have already issued a refund. Strong processes and proactive tools help protect revenue.
M10
American Express Chargeback Reason Code M10: Vehicle Rental – Capital Damages
American Express Reason Code M10 applies to vehicle rentals when a cardholder disputes a charge for capital damages, theft, or loss of use. It often arises from disagreement over liability or the amount billed. The issue is whether the merchant followed the agreement, properly documented the incident, and billed correctly.
M49
American Express Chargeback Reason Code M49: Vehicle Rental - Theft or Loss of Use
American Express Reason Code M49 applies to vehicle rentals where the cardholder was charged for theft or loss of use, but the costs should have been handled through American Express coverage or a separate reimbursement route. This page explains what it means, common causes, the time limit, and how merchants can respond and prevent disputes.
P01
American Express Chargeback Reason Code P01: Unassigned Card Number
American Express Reason Code P01 signals a processing error: the merchant submitted a transaction with a card number that does not match a valid American Express account. It often stems from manual keying, forced transactions without authorisation, or out-of-date credentials on file.
P03
American Express Chargeback Reason Code P03: Credit Processed as Charge
American Express Reason Code P03 indicates that a refund was processed incorrectly. The cardholder expected a credit, but the transaction went through as a charge. This usually stems from a merchant error, although it may also be claimed in cases of friendly fraud. Fast action, accurate records, and clear processes help protect revenue.
P04
American Express Chargeback Reason Code P04: Charge Processed as Credit
American Express Reason Code P04 flags a processing error where a charge was mistakenly sent as a credit. It is unusual in that it adds money to the cardholder’s account instead of taking it. However, it still counts as a chargeback and can affect dispute ratios and incur unwanted fees.
P05
American Express Chargeback Reason Code P05: Incorrect Charge Amount
American Express uses Reason Code P05 when a cardholder reports that the amount charged for a transaction is different from the price they agreed to pay. This discrepancy can happen for several reasons, but it ultimately means the customer believes they have been overcharged and is formally disputing the transaction amount.
P07
American Express Chargeback Reason Code P07: Late Submission
Reason code P07 arises when a merchant initially obtains authorisation for a payment, but presents it late. The issuer, therefore, views it as expired and credits the cardholder. Common causes for this type of dispute include late batches and system delays, as well as intentional holds.
P08
American Express Chargeback Reason Code P08: Duplicate Charge
American Express Reason Code P08 refers to a duplicate charge. It occurs when the same transaction is submitted multiple times. This results in multiple debits on a cardholder’s statement. Causes include merchant error, system glitches, or confusion over recurring or instalment payments. However, merchants can fight the chargeback if they can prove both charges were valid.
P22
American Express Chargeback Reason Code P22: Non-Matching Card Number
American Express issues Reason Code P22 when a transaction is processed with a card number that does not match the one used for the initial authorisation. This code signifies a processing error has occurred. The most frequent causes behind this chargeback are simple human error, particularly when manually keying in transaction details, or a technical malfunction with a payment terminal.
P23
American Express Chargeback Reason Code P23: Currency Discrepancy
American Express Reason Code P23 covers disputes where a transaction was processed in the wrong currency or converted without the cardholder’s consent. It often links to dynamic currency conversion or point-of-sale setup issues. With fast, well-documented responses and clearer currency practices, merchants can limit exposure and protect revenue.
R03
American Express Chargeback Reason Code R03: Insufficient Reply
American Express chargeback reason code R03 indicates that the merchant’s response to an American Express inquiry was incomplete or did not adequately address the issue raised. The dispute is then turned into a chargeback. You can still contest it, but fast, thorough action and clear evidence are required.
R13
American Express Chargeback Reason Code R13: No Reply
American Express Reason Code R13 signals that a merchant did not reply to an inquiry from American Express in time, or at all. It sits in the inquiry/miscellaneous category. The underlying dispute could be anything, but the chargeback is triggered by the missing response. Fast, documented replies help protect revenue.
Discover uses an alphabetical system for disputes. Examples include AA for unrecognized transactions, AP for canceled recurring charges, AW for altered amounts and CD for credit or debit errors. This format makes it simple for merchants to understand and resolve chargebacks.
AA
Discover Chargeback Reason Code AA: Does Not Recognise
Discover Reason Code AA appears when a cardholder claims they do not recognise a payment on their statement. It might point to real fraud, friendly fraud, or simple confusion over the billing name. Knowing what it means, why it happens, and how to respond can help you protect revenue, keep customers happy, and stay in good standing with issuers.
AP
Discover Chargeback Reason Code AP: Cancelled Recurring Transaction
Reason Code AP appears when a cardholder disputes a subscription or other repeating charge that they say they cancelled. The code alerts all parties that something went wrong with the authorisation of an ongoing payment agreement. Knowing why it happens and acting quickly helps merchants protect revenue.
AT
Discover Chargeback Reason Code AT: Authorisation Non-Compliance
Discover chargeback reason code AT flags sales that skipped, ignored, or mishandled the authorisation step. When approval is missing or does not match the final amount, Discover may pull the funds back. Knowing what it means, why it happens, and how to answer quickly helps merchants protect revenue and customer trust.
AW
Discover Chargeback Reason Code AW: Altered Amount
Reason Code AW flags a mismatch between the amount a cardholder approved and the amount that finally reached their statement. The dispute may stem from a simple data entry slip, an ATM error, or a cash advance disagreement. Merchants who understand the causes and respond fast can protect revenue, reduce fees, and keep customers happy.
CD
Discover Chargeback Reason Code CD: Credit/Debit Posted Incorrectly
When a cardholder expects money back but sees an extra debit instead, Discover labels the dispute with Reason Code CD. The code signals that a credit was promised, or at least expected, yet the opposite happened. Merchants, cardholders, and banks must act quickly, because posting errors can drain trust and profits.
CP
Discover Chargeback Reason Code CP: Not Classified
Discover Reason Code CP appears when a dispute does not fit any named category. It is the “catch-all” label for complex or unclear claims. Because the explanation is vague, merchants, consumers, and issuers must collect extra facts before acting. Knowing the process helps you protect revenue and limit risk.
DA
Discover Chargeback Reason Code DA: Declined Authorisation
Reason code DA chargebacks occur when a transaction is processed after the issuer returned a decline on the authorisation request. They can impact card‑present and online orders. If you have a valid approval code for the exact amount and date, you can contest the case and may be able to win a reversal.
DP
Discover Chargeback Reason Code DP: Duplicate Processing
Reason code DP signals that the same payment was submitted twice on the Discover Network. Duplicate processing can result from either technical glitches or human error and leads to a chargeback. Knowing what it means, its causes, and the best ways to respond helps merchants protect revenue and keep customers happy.
EX
Discover Chargeback Reason Code EX: Expired Card
Reason code EX means a transaction was processed on a Discover card that had expired. It’s uncommon because most terminals decline expired cards. It can still happen with forced transactions, delayed settlement, recurring billing, or technical faults. Code EX has now been merged into code IN, but the old code may still appear.
IC
Discover Chargeback Reason Code IC: Illegible Sales Data
Discover chargeback reason code IC appears when the issuer cannot read the sales data you provided after a retrieval request. It often stems from faded, damaged, or poorly scanned receipts. With a clear, legible copy, you can often fight the case and get the chargeback reversed within the set time limit.
IN
Discover Chargeback Reason Code IN: Invalid Card Number
A Discover reason code IN chargeback happens when a transaction is sent through with a card number that does not match any active Discover account. Because the number is wrong, the issuer overturns the sale and recovers the funds. Merchants, rather than cardholders, carry most of the risk for this processing mistake.
LP
Discover Chargeback Reason Code LP: Late Presentation
Unexpected lags between authorisation and settlement can trigger Reason Code LP. This page explains what the code means, why it happens, how long each party has to act, and the best steps to fight or avoid these disputes. Use the guidance below to protect revenue and maintain good relationships with customers and issuers.
NA
Discover Chargeback Reason Code NA: No Authorisation
Chargebacks with reason code NA relate to authorisation, and are usually now bundled under reason code AT. However, you may still see chargebacks with the NA label – these specifically address transactions that the issuer claims were completed without a valid authorisation approval.
NF
Discover Chargeback Reason Code NF: Non-Receipt of Cash from ATM
When a cardholder says an ATM failed to give the cash paid for, Discover labels the dispute Reason Code NF. The claim may stem from real machine faults, miscounts, or outright friendly fraud. Knowing what it means, the causes, the time limit to reply, and how to respond or prevent future cases helps merchants protect revenue.
NM
Discover Chargeback Reason Code NM: Non-receipt of Merchandise
Discover Reason Code NM is used when a cardholder states that the goods they purchased never reached them. The issuer credits the shopper and removes the same amount from the merchant while the facts are reviewed. Knowing what it means, why it occurs, and how to answer quickly helps merchants protect revenue.
NR
Discover Chargeback Reason Code NR: Not as Described or Defective Merchandise
Discover Reason Code NR covers situations where a buyer states that the goods received were faulty, incomplete, or different from the description. Knowing what it means, the common causes, the time limit to reply, and how to respond can help merchants protect revenue and keep customers happy.
PM
Discover Chargeback Reason Code PM: Paid by Other Means
Discover Reason Code PM, “Paid by Other Means,” arises when a cardholder insists they settled the bill with cash or another card yet still sees a Discover charge. It often stems from staff oversight or mix-ups with stored cards. Knowing how to respond, dispute, and prevent PM claims helps merchants protect revenue.
RG
Discover Chargeback Reason Code RG: Non-Receipt of Goods, Services, or Cash
When a customer pays with a Discover card but says the goods, services, or cash never showed up, the dispute comes through as Reason Code RG. The code covers missing parcels, undelivered digital items, skipped services, or missing cash advances.
RM
Discover Chargeback Reason Code RM: Cardholder Disputes Quality of Goods or Services
Reason Code RM comes into play when a Discover cardholder says that the goods or services they bought were poor, damaged, fake, or not as described. The dispute can be honest, or it can be friendly fraud. Knowing what it means, why it happens, and how to respond will help merchants protect revenue.
RN
Discover Chargeback Reason Code RN: Non-receipt of Cash/Load Transaction Receipt
Reason Code RN appears when a cardholder says an ATM failed to give the full cash requested, or a reloadable card did not receive the correct top-up amount. The dispute centres on money that should have reached the customer’s hand or account but did not. Knowing the rules helps you protect revenue and keep customers happy.
SV
Discover Chargeback Reason Code SV: Services Not Rendered
Discover Reason Code SV occurs when a cardholder claims they paid for a service, but it wasn't delivered on time, or didn't happen at all. The code covers in-person services such as hotel stays as well as remote services like software licensing or tech support. For merchants to successfully overturn the claim, they need to supply evidence of on-time delivery. If they can't, they should refund the cardholder.
UA01
Discover Chargeback Reason Code UA01: Fraud: Card Present Transaction
Reason code UA01 is used where a cardholder disputes that they authorised a card-present transaction. Issuers may file this type of chargeback without asking the merchant for documentation in advance. To fight this chargeback, supply proof of a genuine, correctly authorised transaction. Or, show you have refunded the cardholder.
UA02
Discover Chargeback Reason Code UA02: Fraud: Card Not Present Transaction
Reason code UA02 is used when a buyer says a card-not-present purchase was made without their approval. It often signals stolen details or friendly fraud. Online, mail, and phone orders face the biggest risk. Knowing what it means, the causes, how to respond, and how to prevent future cases will help protect revenue.
UA05
Discover Chargeback Reason Code UA05: Fraud: Chip Card Counterfeit Transaction
Discover chargeback reason code UA05 applies to card-present sales where a counterfeit chip card was used, or a chip card was processed by swipe instead of chip at a non‑EMV compliant terminal. To contest the chargeback, merchants must demonstrate that they used EMV or a fallback correctly.
UA06
Discover Chargeback Reason Code UA06: Fraud: Chip & PIN Transaction
UA06 applies when a chip‑and‑PIN card is used in a store but the PIN wasn’t entered or verified on an EMV terminal. The cardholder, therefore, claims that the payment was unauthorised. It usually points to no PIN capability, a PIN bypass, or a mis‑set terminal. Merchants need clear proof of proper PIN verification to overturn it.
Here are the most frequently asked questions we get about Chargeback.
Yes. Chargeback alerts are the best way to keep your processor happy. Lowering your chargeback rate helps you avoid money holds, fines, rolling reserves, and even getting shut down.
Chargeback is a chargeback prevention service designed to do exactly what its name suggests—prevent chargebacks.
We achieve this by alerting you about transactions in which the customer has just requested a chargeback. We will then automatically refund these transactions before they escalate into chargebacks.
This helps reduce your chargeback rate, lower fees, and minimize potential payment processor issues.
Currently, we support Stripe, Shopify Payments, Braintree, Chargebee, and Recurly. We also plan to expand our integration to include Authorize.net and Airwallex.
You're only charged when we provide an alert. And every alert is a chargeback stopped. For a more detailed overview, please visit our pricing page.
We have no onboarding fees, no contracts, or monthly minimums. Chargeback is free to start, and we only charge per alert.
A chargeback alert notifies you of incoming chargebacks 24-72 hours before they're officially filed.
This allows you to automatically issue a refund to avoid the chargeback. Reducing your chargeback rate, lowering fees, and minimizing potential payment processor issues.
Integration with your payment processor typically takes a few minutes. Depending on the system you activate, we aim to have you live within 12 hours.
Yes, you can cancel our service at any time.
Join 800+ businesses using Chargeback to prevent chargebacks automatically — setup takes less than 2 minutes.